Current-transformer.



1t known thatiwe, Riesig Dowzfi j 'j gr.. I Nicnotsoiacitlzene of.-

mWNT @Bronnen --l-'COE 'more neliable than l "Owing "i thel the States,y,-r'e'spex'xtiyfelg,-'atH sedinfour-transformerl 5 Sfymcusle'in the,f-Qnond'eiie yvlvngfx'ilronwr the New York, .and Bu alo,.in thexcountyol lg compnentof the primary cur- Erie and State of New York,1:have invented eleriwiuie Heretofore it-h #fastweb-transform derfthat'the magneti-zing' c o'm prirrmurrent should begr-'e 'andfprcfrablylnegligible-'1 f 'ln salate` their-primary :end secondaryl coils; of

I2li su'ch a transformer 'fromone another 'some order to in-v forni`ofsolid insulation was'ilsedgand "genv erall L wasgsupplemented thesuitahly-supported Ia YVof oil and., providlnspeciallyi'constructed.leads thereinto to Such. transformers ure quite accurate] tensioncircuit, an potential transformer, and 86 power delivered b the highpotential cire highV tenenwinding. 11m-tie in. conjunction' with a.

cult. Such tran ormers are Vhowever exsufficient to produce an airdielectric bewill resist high tween ,the, windingswhich potentialbreak-down stresses Such a transformer may =be constructed much morecheaply and may'be located out of doors and 20 the lowepotentialsecondary' nentA of the e, ativ'ely small f their preferred v ferringnow tothe drawings;

4the current in the high taken through the primary coil.4 watt: meter,the-- is thrown somewhat outA oi n'ieasuringthe power ,de-

ing4 this :phase .relation so sheetV of drawings which forms a partofthis --specication and'-"i1lustrates. ai trans` former 'em ying form.- I

of l"a current Figure 1 is a side elevation dlng Iour transformerconstructed laccor inelrgim i" 2 is a 2-2, Fig. 1.

3 is a pln view. 4 1g. .4` is an enlarged transverse section .Figa-is'an enlarged transverse section taken through the secondary coil.'Referrm to the drawings in detail, like numerals o reference refer tolike parts in the several figures.

As a means ofmounting;r or supporting 'the transformer we havehigh-.tensionj1ine, we provide Oe specific feal vertical section takenon hline" shown" a pole' A.. provided with a cross-place a at its upperdary current lsubstanphase with the-line cur-..

wer delivered may bef 65 our "improvements in end to which thetransformer is secur The transformer hais a channel-shaped base which issecured to the crossp1ece a 1n any ,':1 pproved manner, and rising fromsaid base are two insulator pms C on which are mounted insulators csurnmunted by cast iron caps D.

Arranged contrallv between' the insulators c is the secondary coil E oftht' transformer.

Q i 4 1,2'7s,121

structed in. any api'ojed-manner, such as.

vbymeans of laminated or otherwise, and after/thesecondary winding E isap plied. to the tape-covered' cor'e F, a protecting casing H'lofweatherproof tape or the like is applied thereto. 4 A The .secondarycoil and iron core rest upon the base B and are held against movementlengthwise thereon by two spaced retainerinem -Izsecured to said base4and bearing` againstth'e Qppositefsidesof said coil. he -coil andcoefare fur.- ther heldrigid :by'mea f braces J which -are secured f1..eirrendsto the;

The insulator pins C, .insulators'f-d-'and metallic'caps D constitute.two insulated supports flor-,which an?)7 'other formlof insulatorsupport may be su stituted, andon each of. these supportsmsecured aaiijof spaced retainer members K, prefera lyf"fonicd of wood, Thelast-mentioned retainer bars are secured to the sup 'orts by means ofbolts k which enter or maybe fastened into the caps D. N L representsthe` primary :coil which is passed through theseconldary coil, both ofwhich arefjf ring foi-mation arranged at right angles to each other, andeachpasses centrally through the other. so that they are each otherapproximately the distance of one-half of the inner diameter of each,these spaces serving as air insulating spaces and being the means ofinsulation dcpeiidedupon for insulation betwoenthe coils, the insulatorsc serving to insulate the high tension prima-ry c oil from the ground.ho primary coil is composed of anumber of turns or convolutions ofinsulated wire l,

position by ineens of bolts N which arc 66 passed through said retainermembers and cause said members to be' drawn toward each other tosecurely clamp the coil.

y arranging the coils in the. manner described; that is, by passing oneof thc coils 70 axially through the other and arranging'l them at'rightangles all portions of one ao exactly equal distances fromsoineporti'on' of'the other coil and the air insulating spacebetween'tlic coils is 'the saine through- 75 outthe apparatus.

O designates a resistance coil and. O1 a condenser which may be mountedon the primary coil, as shown, and these have connection with the linewires M by means of Wires o, this resistance and condenser' (either orboth) being therefore'- shun'ted across the primary coil'for the purposeof changing the time phase angleI of. the line current relative-tothecurrent ofthe secondary coil 85 -adsto-give accuracy of ratiothrough 'a wid';` range of. current values.

g By connecting the -resis'tanceO across .the i primary, we 'helieve acomponent of current Vance of the load current component .in the theresultant lino curre t (otherwisethrown*- out of reyerse phase wi .h'the secondary current by' tlie Eggiiig'exciting current coni- 9o ponentthereof) substantially into reverse' phase with the secondary current sothat when the transformer is. used in conjunction with other apparatusfor measuring power the power factor conditions of the primary so thatthey (lo not correspond with .hc rela! 1.05

tive number of turns-of theV two windings.

HQWever this may be calculated for in coiii- "iuting the power or loadcurrent4 delivered .A

)y the high potential line or thi` rait-io may be corrected tocorrespond with the rat-io de- 1 10 sired between SecondaryYcurrent-:ind hi'gh ber of turns on either oneI of the coils. 'O r thisdifcrencc in rat-10 produced by current "1s produced in theliigli'tcnsion linein ad.- 90

- tension load current., by changing the num-.-

line wire M is secured. This coil is also survertical centerof 'the coiland clamped in rasabovepointed out th passing through the resistance Dmay be corrected by putting in thc. condenser D1 as described. Thecondenser produces we' be lieve a component of the line current 90 i'nfi proved CODSIUCOP, Wh'lcll We Preferably advance of the voltage aci-ossthe primary form by Slglrpundmg the same with one terminals, so that.the ratio of transforma layer of fljlctwn tape given two coats of tionis affected thereby in an. opposite man, shellac, which-coute tape 'whendry is surnei' fiom that in which it is :il'ected by 1thA yrounded by'alayer of asphalt tape coated current in resistance D,.S0 that, bysuitably with a-sphaltuiii. Thel primary coil is held designing thecombination of resistancejaiid in position b the retainer in 'einbers K,it becondenser, the phase angle of the liiiecur- '1.25 ing enteredetween the two opposite airs rent may be corrected i'ithoutsubstantially of these membersat opposite sides o the aecting the rationof t nsformation.' But' sfrefinementis not ratio of the transformer, andto this coil the rounded bya'protective'casing of any -ap- 35 C Bevers25 is iio solidi insulation directly Vbetween vtlfi essential as theratio may be corrected by .changing the number of secondary turns.

he above theory of operation with respect to ,tlie'resistance O andcondtiser Ol we bei lieve to be correct but, in aifyevent, we find fromexperience thatl the arrangement' described does materially correct thephase error-.of such a series transrmer'and enablesiits use -foraccurate power measurements. f

` y.rromtoie above it" einem "iearomt wr -hlye'pr'ovided gan* extremelyeconomical'and substantial construction;i for series orcur-'rettraiisformers foroperation on high ten- 16 sion lines.-`Shouldthe-airinsulation of the transformer-,.ffail'fbetween .theprimary and secondary noharmfis 4done-except the punc- 2.-;'1-:1 turefofasmallfam'ount of insu atingpliiate-` rial wrapped theremovedfrom-thetransuformer the main insulationqiependedyupoiifbetweenthev prip malry` and secondaryrisrestored automatifi callg'jby'y changeoi atmosphere'. Also the two coils o iiai'li'icli moisturemightcollcctto materially decreasetheinsulaton between v Y rent and;secondary cui-rent.

the mails,y so; tbat the' construction is `articu- 4llarly,nadaptable'to beplacedl'out'o doors.` 80 meansfor correcting theYplialsfe'4 .error caused?? the, relatively the U v 4 n)issubfs'tantially ,:fSlfi'ou'ld the supporting insulators tuned 'or failforany' reas'in,v the replacement of such an Vins ator is a very simpleand inexpensive matter as compared with the replaccincntfof' thespecialinsul lating'iiieans lheretofore used in this type of 40 transformeVHowever, as the supporting insulators a are notdepengledu on forinsulation between'the co1ls,gtl i e=. ickness and 4 numberofsuchinsulators may-be'so" chosen that it 'would be ractica'lly impossible tohave puncturerof t ie' sup' 'orting insulators, as they would,4 so tospea be protected by lair'in'sulation of less value between the coils.

'.'Qf course 4when usedmerelyA for the meas,

urement oflcurrent the phase-corrective features areunnecessary. Thetransformer may be used for tripping overloadrelaysandfor' otherpurposes in conjunction with various other 'apparatusas will be apparenttothose 4skilled-in the art. iii "z". p

lt is also to be iinder's'ttid that many otlierfchangesand-modifications may be made and the -inventionin its broader aspectsembodied in vwidely diifering forms-of f-ip'pariitus."

`o0 Having thus described lour, invention,

un.: we claim is:`

l. A transformer havincv a substantially closed iron magnetic circuit, ahigh tension primary-Winding and a low tension scch w rimary 'and-*secf20 ondary turns. Immediate yffthe voltage is 'breakondary windingoperatively related thereto, supporting means for said windings arrangedto suppo'lp them-out o f contact with one another and 'se arated' fromonejanotlier by an amount soliti' ff' dielectric between-the windingsthat will resist high' potential break-downI Vstresses` and' means forcompensatin for ,the change in phase angle between t e primary cui-rentand secondary currentfdue the 'energizing component' of current in theprimary wind- 7 ing. j

-f2i/A-transformer having a -siibstantiallv closed iron magneticcircuit, a liiglihtension, power current fcaiiiv'ing primary 'Winding'and a low 'tension secondary winding opei'- 8o 1 ativellV relatedtbereto, .supporting means'.

for said windings arranged to support them; out' of contact ivitli one.another and scpau ratcdfrom one another by an amount' sufficientto'pi'oduce an airdieleCtrir between the 86 windin s Athattriv-illrresist high potential i wn Stresses and Whei'elilvrtlie afinespheije is.dependedrupoii astlie main insu- 'an'gle relationship between 4tliepr iclosed iron magnetic circuit, if'liig ijtension, power curi-'entcarrying; i and" a" lwt'ension secondary ivindingoperaprimary favindingtively related theretolsupporting meiinsfor vf said windings'arianged tosupport tliemout "of contact ,with'one another and separated from oneanotherb an amount sufficient to i0!! Y produce an air dielectricbetween the wind- 1 ings that will' resist high potentialbieakdown-stresses, and means for correcting the .phase anglerelationship between the prix malyciu'rent and secondary current, said106 means comprising a resistance connected in parallel relation tocurrent in the primary wvinding.

q' -4..AV transformer having a substantially closed iron magneticcircuit. a high tension'. 11 0 powerv current carrying, primary windingyyund u low tension secondarivv winding` opera- 7 ,tively relatedthereto, supporting means for Said windingsarranged to support them outH v of contact with'onc unor-hcraml separated 115 from oneanothe'r by nnamount sulicienl to 'prOdHCeanUrgdielertric between thc windingsthat-will resist high` potential brca'lrf dowii stresses,jand means forcorrecting the 'l relationship between the primary upd, seul' 120 pondary. current. said gm'enns conpulsing,l a i condensei'laiid aresistance oonncetoflin' p:irallel relation to current'A in4 the"primari winding. 5. A transformei'- having n high tension, 126 powercurrent carrying, ['ruiary winding and a low tension secondary windingoper-j atively related thereto, supporting moans fori saidwind'rigsarranged to support them out of contact with 'oneuanother andseparated' for the dierence in phase angle between' the primary powercurrent andthe secondary curren 6. A. transformer having a; hightension, power current carrying, primary winding and a low tensionsecondary jwinding operatively related thereto and means for saidwindings 'arrang to support them out of contact with one another andsepa-rated from one another -by an amount sufficient to produce an airdielectric between the windings that will resist hi h potentialbreak-down stresses and where y the atmosphere 'is depended upon as themain insulation between said primary and secondary windings.

7. A transformer hav` primary winding-and aow tension sec ondary'windingoperatively related thereto,

and supporting means for said windings -arranged to'support them out ofcontactl with one. anoth'eiand "separated from one another by an amountsufficient to produce an air dielectric between the windingslthat willresist high potential 'breakdown stresses.

f 8. A transformer having an iron core forming. a substantiallyclosed-iron magnetic path, a"pri mary coil having its windand a low nsings' encircli "s aid' core, a secondar coil having vitsfwin ings alsoencir sai core, and supporting means for said windings arranged-.tosupport them out 'of contact with one another and separated from oneanother by an amount sutiioient to produce 'an ail:

dielectric between thewindings-ithat will resist high tentialb ,Uk-.downstresses and whereby t e atmosphere is depended upon `as` theV maininsulation between said primary and secondary 'windingst 'I 9. Atrl'isiormer having ,an iron core forming a substantiallyclosed ironmagnetic its 'windings also enciroli porting mean's forl said 'iwindingsarranged to support them out of contact with one another 4and separatedfrom one an0ther. by an amount suficient to produce'jan air dielectricbetween the windings' that will resist high potential break-downstresses and whereby the atmosphere is depended .upon-as the maininsulation between said primary and secondary .windings'and means forcorrecting the' relationship between the primary and secondary current(10. A transformer having a high tension, power current carrying, primarywinding tension secondarywnding, said windings being in the formnofcoils, each su porting.

a .high tension,

passing substantially axiallyy through the otherlsubstantially at rightangles to one another Vand sup orting meansl for said windings arrangetol support them out. of oontact'with one another and se arated fromv'(0 one another by an Aamount s cient to roduce an airdielectric'betweenjthewindmgs that will resist liighltefntiallbreak-down stresses and whereby thi atmosphere is depended uponas the main insulation between 15 said primary and secondary windings.

11. A transformer com rising a support, insulators secured to saisupport, a pair of-retaining members spaced apart and secured to saidinsulators, a ring-shaped primary coil clamped between s aid retainers,and a' ring-shaped secondary coil passing centrally through said primarycoil, and Asupporting means' for said wmd-ings arranged to supportthemout of -contact with 86 one another and separated'fromv one anotherby an amount sufficient lto cause the "air-spacebetweenthe coils toserve as the.

-primary winding and a low tension secondary winding operatively relatedthereto and supporting means for said windings arranged to support themoutI of contact with '.onej another and separated-from one another by anamount suilicient to cause the air space between the coils to serve asthe main insulation therebetween, and means for correcting the phaseangle relationship between the .primary current and secondary. current.4

14. A v transformer comprising a base, spaced retainer: members vsecuredto said base between .its ends, a ring-shaped sec' 115 ondary coilrestin -upon hebase between 2 said retainer mem ers ai1'd""arrangedtransversely with respect to said base, high tension insulators risingfrom the ends of said base, braces connected to said secondary coil at4diametrically opposite points -and` extending .inwardly for connectionto said bas, a pair 'of' spaced retainer members secured to the upperend of each insulator,l anda primary coil 'arran ed at right angles 125to' the secondary coil secured 'between said last mentioned retainermembers, said primary coil being ring-shaped and passing centrallyythrough the secondary coll.

15. A transformer comprising a ringfand supporting means for said windngarranged to support the-m out of Contact with one another and separatedfrom one another by an amount sufficient to produca :m nir dclectricbetween the windings that will i0 resist high potential bruzlkwlwnstres,; .c:-;

In testimony jhereofLwe afx our sigmrtures.

' RICHARD C. DOW'NING. LLOYD C. NICHOLSON'.

